Features

68. Potential by means of modal particle ahal: apurtzen ahal da (v apur daiteke)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(2) Leihoa apurtzen ahal da
(3) Leihoa apurtu ahal da

Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]

Generalized pattern. Potential mood is expressed by means of a periphrasis involving the verbal root and the potential form of the auxiliary verbs *edin/*ezan.

(1) Leihoa apur daiteke
window.ABS break (3ABS).edin.ke
  ‘The window may break’

Variational pattern 1. In some varieties, the modal periphrasis consists of the imperfective form of the verb, that is, the nominalized form of the verb headed by the inessive, the modal particle ahal, and the auxiliaries izan and *edun.

(2) Leihoa apurtzen ahal da
window.ABS break.IMPV ahal (3ABS).be
 ‘The window may break’

Variational pattern 2. In some varieties, the modal periphrasis consists of the participial form of the verb, the modal particle ahal and the auxiliaries izan and *edun.

(3) Leihoa apurtu ahal da
window.ABS break.PTCP ahal (3ABS).be
‘The window may break’

Chapter: Mood

Keywords: aspect, imperfective, mood, participle, potential, verb

References:

Euskaltzaindia (1987: 430,459)

Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]

save answers as csv | xls | xml
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Pello Salaburu
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Orreaga Ibarra
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Itxaro Borda
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñaki Camino
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
Yes
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Maitena Duhalde
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
N-urd
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
save answers as csv | xls | xml
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
Yes
Igor Estankona
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
Yes
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
Yes
Ane Odria
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
Yes
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Bilbao
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
Yes
Oihana Astobieta
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde

ABL: ablative

ABS: absolutive

ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context

ALL: allative

ALLO: allocutive

APPL: applicative

BN: bounded

CAUS: causative

COMP: complementizer

DAT: dative

DD: dative displacement

DEST: destinative

ED: Ergative Displacement

ERG: ergative

FAM: familiar

F: feminine

GEN: genitive

IPFV: imperfective

INE: inessive

INS: instrumental

M: masculine

MOD: mood

NMLZ: nominalizer

NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)

NP: noun phrase

PTCP: participle

PST: past

PL: plural

POST: postposition

PROG: progressive

PROS: prospective

PRTV: partitive

REL: relational postposition

RES: resultative

SG: singular

SOC: sociative

TERM: terminative

UNBN : unbounded

The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.