Features
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 2003b. «Causatives». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 592-607.
Generalized pattern. Causatives are formed by the causative arazi (erazo, arazo) ‘make’, which includes the old causative marker -ra-.
| (1) | Nik | Joni | liburua | irakurarazi | diot |
| I.ERG | Jon.DAT | book.ABS | read.make | (3ABS).have.APPL.3SG.DAT.1SG.ERG | |
| ‘I have made Jon read the book.’ | |||||
Variational pattern. Some varieties prefer the causative eragin formed by the same causative marker -ra- attested in arazi in combination with the verb egin ‘do’ (e-ra-gin ‘make do’).
| (2) | Nik | Joni | liburua | irakur eragin diot |
| I.ERG | Jon.DAT | book.ABS | read make (3ABS).have.APPL.3SG.DAT.1SG.ERG | |
| ‘I have made Jon read the book.’ | ||||
Chapter: Auxiliary Alternation
Keywords: auxiliary alternation, causatives
Ortiz de Urbina (2003b)
Ortiz de Urbina, Jon. 2003b. «Causatives». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 592-607.
ABL: ablative
ABS: absolutive
ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context
ALL: allative
ALLO: allocutive
APPL: applicative
BN: bounded
CAUS: causative
COMP: complementizer
DAT: dative
DD: dative displacement
DEST: destinative
ED: Ergative Displacement
ERG: ergative
FAM: familiar
F: feminine
GEN: genitive
IPFV: imperfective
INE: inessive
INS: instrumental
M: masculine
MOD: mood
NMLZ: nominalizer
NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)
NP: noun phrase
PTCP: participle
PST: past
PL: plural
POST: postposition
PROG: progressive
PROS: prospective
PRTV: partitive
REL: relational postposition
RES: resultative
SG: singular
SOC: sociative
TERM: terminative
UNBN : unbounded