Features

49. Animate locatives: baitan (v -gan)

Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested

(2) Ez dut esperantzarik ez ihes-lekurik zu baitan baizik

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Answers
References
Abbreviations

Euskaltzaindia. 1985. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak I. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1991]

Hualde, José Ignacio. 2003b. «Non-finite Forms». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A Grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 196-246.

Hualde, José Ignacio. 2016. «On Basque dialects». In Beatriz Fernández and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), Microparameters in the grammar of Basque. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 15-36.

Generalized pattern. Animate locatives can be expressed by forms including an animacy morpheme -ga plus a locative postposition (inessive, allative and so on).

(1)	Ez dut	esperantzarik	ez ihes-lekurik	zugan	baizik
	no have.1SG.ERG	hope.PRTV	no place.to.escape.PRTV	you.GA.INE	apart.from
	‘I have no hope no place to escape to apart from you.’

Variational pattern. Some varieties express animates also by baita-, to which the locative postposition is attached (baita-n -innesive-, baita-ra -allative- baita-tik -ablative-).

(2)	Ez dut	esperantzarik	ez ihes-lekurik	zu baitan	baizik
	no have.1SG.ERG	hope.PRTV	no place.to.escape.PRTV	you.BAIT.INE	apart.from
	‘I have no hope no place to escape to apart from you.’

(Example adapted from Leon Leon, Jesus-Kristoren Imitacionea 1929)

Chapter: Postpositions (Locatives)

Keywords: animacy, locatives, postpositions

Notes:

Animate locative baita- is unattested in Egungo Testuen Corpusa/Corpus of Contemporary Basque (ETC) but attested in Euskal Klasikoen Corpusa/Classic Basque Corpus (EKC) also in XX. century.

References:

Euskaltzaindia (1985: 348-352), Hualde (2003b: 197, 2016)

Euskaltzaindia. 1985. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak I. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1991]

Hualde, José Ignacio. 2003b. «Non-finite Forms». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A Grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 196-246.

Hualde, José Ignacio. 2016. «On Basque dialects». In Beatriz Fernández and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), Microparameters in the grammar of Basque. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 15-36.

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BiV code

Town

Dialect

Value

Contributor

N-arb

Arbizu

Navarrese Basque

Yes

Juanjo Olasagarre

N-ari