Features
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
Euskaltzaindia. 1985. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak I. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1991]
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2003b. «Non-finite Forms». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A Grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 196-246.
Lafitte, Pierre. 1944. Grammaire Basque (Navarro-Labourdin Littèraire). Baiona: Librairie Le Livre. [Reprinted in 1979. Donostia: Elkar]
Alternative name: Approximatif (Lafitte 1979 [1944]: 60)
Generalized pattern. The terminative postposition generalized across dialects is -raino. This postposition involves an allative marker -ra and a morpheme -(d)ino attached to it.
| (1) | Azken | adarretaraino |
| last | branches.ALL.TERM | |
| ‘Up to the last branches.’ | ||
Variational pattern. In some varieties, the postposition gino is still present.
| (2) | Azken | adarretara gino |
| last | branches.ALL POST | |
| ‘Up to the last branches.’ (Hualde 2003b: 186) | ||
Reported in: some Bizkaian varieties (Hualde 2003b: 186).
Chapter: Postpositions (Locatives)
Keywords: allative, locatives, postpositions, terminative
Notes:
Historical evidence: «In Old Bizkaian this postposition also appears with absolutive complements: RS 81 ynurria guino lagun gura /hasta la hormiga desea côpañía ‘event the ant wants company’.» (Hualde 2003b: 186).
Euskaltzaindia. 1985. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak I. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1991]
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2003b. «Non-finite Forms». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A Grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 196-246.
Lafitte, Pierre. 1944. Grammaire Basque (Navarro-Labourdin Littèraire). Baiona: Librairie Le Livre. [Reprinted in 1979. Donostia: Elkar]
ABL: ablative
ABS: absolutive
ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context
ALL: allative
ALLO: allocutive
APPL: applicative
BN: bounded
CAUS: causative
COMP: complementizer
DAT: dative
DD: dative displacement
DEST: destinative
ED: Ergative Displacement
ERG: ergative
FAM: familiar
F: feminine
GEN: genitive
IPFV: imperfective
INE: inessive
INS: instrumental
M: masculine
MOD: mood
NMLZ: nominalizer
NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)
NP: noun phrase
PTCP: participle
PST: past
PL: plural
POST: postposition
PROG: progressive
PROS: prospective
PRTV: partitive
REL: relational postposition
RES: resultative
SG: singular
SOC: sociative
TERM: terminative
UNBN : unbounded