Features

54. Stage level copular verbs: izan (v egon)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(2) Irakaslea lasai da

Artiagoitia, Xabier. 1997. «DP predicates in Basque». University of Washington Working Papers in Linguistics 15: 161-198.

Zabala, Igone. 1993. Predikazioaren teoriak gramatika sortzailean: Euskararen kasua. Ph.D. Diss., UPV/EHU.

Zabala, Igone. 2003. «Nominal predication: copulative sentences and secondary predication». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 426-448.

Generalized pattern. Stage-level predicates occur with the copula egon ‘be’.

(1) Irakaslea lasai dago
Teacher.ABS calm is (egon)
‘The teacher is calm.’

Variational pattern. In eastern dialects, stage-level predicates occur with the copula izan ‘be’, just like individual level predicates.

(2) Irakaslea lasai da
Teacher.ABS calm is (izan)
‘The teacher is calm.’

Reported in: eastern varieties.

Chapter: (In)Transitivity

Keywords: (in)transitivity, copulas, stage/individual level distinction

References:

Artiagoitia (1997), Zabala (1993, 2003)

Artiagoitia, Xabier. 1997. «DP predicates in Basque». University of Washington Working Papers in Linguistics 15: 161-198.

Zabala, Igone. 1993. Predikazioaren teoriak gramatika sortzailean: Euskararen kasua. Ph.D. Diss., UPV/EHU.

Zabala, Igone. 2003. «Nominal predication: copulative sentences and secondary predication». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 426-448.

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BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Pello Salaburu
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
Yes
Eñaut Agirre
L-lar
Larresoro
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Céline Mounole
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Orreaga Ibarra
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
Yes
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Maitena Duhalde
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
G-azp
Azpeitia
Central Basque
No
Patxi Goenaga
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
N-elk
Etxaleku (Imotz)
Central Basque
No
Imotz
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
G-iru
Irun
Central Basque
No
Ricardo Etxepare
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
B-mab
Mallabia
Western Basque
No
Koldo Zuazo
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
N-urd
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu

ABL: ablative

ABS: absolutive

ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context

ALL: allative

ALLO: allocutive

APPL: applicative

BN: bounded

CAUS: causative

COMP: complementizer

DAT: dative

DD: dative displacement

DEST: destinative

ED: Ergative Displacement

ERG: ergative

FAM: familiar

F: feminine

GEN: genitive

IPFV: imperfective

INE: inessive

INS: instrumental

M: masculine

MOD: mood

NMLZ: nominalizer

NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)

NP: noun phrase

PTCP: participle

PST: past

PL: plural

POST: postposition

PROG: progressive

PROS: prospective

PRTV: partitive

REL: relational postposition

RES: resultative

SG: singular

SOC: sociative

TERM: terminative

UNBN : unbounded

The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.