Features
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
Artiagoitia, Xabier. 2003. «Complementation (noun clauses)». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 634-711.
Lafitte, Pierre. 1944. Grammaire Basque (Navarro-Labourdin Littèraire). Baiona: Librairie Le Livre. [Reprinted in 1979. Donostia: Elkar]
Generalized pattern. Sentential factives complements are headed by the complementizer -(e)la.
(1) | Hau | da | haren | abantailik | handiena, | ez | duela | asko | gastatzen |
This | is | her/his | advantage.PRTV | biggest | not | (3ABS).have.3ERG.ELA | much | spend.IPFV | |
‘That’s the main advantage, that (s)he doesn`t spent much.’ |
Variational pattern. Bait- is also attested in complement clauses. In general, this sentential complement is presented by a demostrative in the main sentence (Lafitte 1979 [1944]: 405).
(2) | Hau | da | haren | abantailik | handiena, | ez | baitu | ainitz | xahutzen |
This | is | her/his | advantage.PRTV | biggest | not | BAIT.(3ABS).have.3ERG | much | spend.IPFV | |
‘That’s the main advantage, that (s)he doesn`t spent much.’ |
Reported in: eastern varieties (Lafitte 1979 [1944]: 405), Artiagoitia (2003: 648)
Chapter: Complementizer
Keywords: complementizer, embedding, relatives, sentential complements


Artiagoitia, Xabier. 2003. «Complementation (noun clauses)». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 634-711.
Lafitte, Pierre. 1944. Grammaire Basque (Navarro-Labourdin Littèraire). Baiona: Librairie Le Livre. [Reprinted in 1979. Donostia: Elkar]
ABL: ablative
ABS: absolutive
ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context
ALL: allative
ALLO: allocutive
APPL: applicative
BN: bounded
CAUS: causative
COMP: complementizer
DAT: dative
DD: dative displacement
DEST: destinative
ED: Ergative Displacement
ERG: ergative
FAM: familiar
F: feminine
GEN: genitive
IPFV: imperfective
INE: inessive
INS: instrumental
M: masculine
MOD: mood
NMLZ: nominalizer
NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)
NP: noun phrase
PTCP: participle
PST: past
PL: plural
POST: postposition
PROG: progressive
PROS: prospective
PRTV: partitive
REL: relational postposition
RES: resultative
SG: singular
SOC: sociative
TERM: terminative
UNBN : unbounded