Features

41. Complex postpositions in animate noun phrases: -gan- (v -rengan-)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(3) Gizonagana joan da
(4) Gizonakana

de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.

Generalized pattern. When postpositions attach to animate nouns, the genitive postposition and the morpheme -ga- (‑(r)en‑ga‑) are introduced between the noun and the postposition.

(1) Gizonarengana joan da.
man.GEN.ga.ALL go.PTCP (3ABS).be
‘She/He went to (meet) the man.’
(2) Gizonengana joan da
man.GEN.ga.ALL go.PTCP (3ABS).be
‘She/He went to (meet) the men.’

Variational pattern. Some varieties do not need to add the genitive if the noun phrase is either singular or indefinite.

(3) Gizonagana joan da
man.ga.ALL go.PTCP (3ABS).be
‘She/He went to (meet) the man.’

Subvariational pattern
:  Some varieties do not include the genitive postposition when the noun phrase is plural.

(4) Gizonakana go da
men.ga.ALL go.PTCP (3ABS).be
‘She/He went to (meet) the men.’

Chapter: Postpositions

Keywords: allative, animacy, genitive, postpositions

References:

de Rijk (2008: 60)

de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.

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BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
Yes
Txipi Ormaetxea
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
Yes
Igor Estankona
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
Yes
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Bilbao
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Burgete
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
N-urd
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde
save answers as csv | xls | xml
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
Yes
Txipi Ormaetxea
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
Yes
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Bilbao
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Burgete
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
N-urd
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde

ABL: ablative

ABS: absolutive

ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context

ALL: allative

ALLO: allocutive

APPL: applicative

BN: bounded

CAUS: causative

COMP: complementizer

DAT: dative

DD: dative displacement

DEST: destinative

ED: Ergative Displacement

ERG: ergative

FAM: familiar

F: feminine

GEN: genitive

IPFV: imperfective

INE: inessive

INS: instrumental

M: masculine

MOD: mood

NMLZ: nominalizer

NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)

NP: noun phrase

PTCP: participle

PST: past

PL: plural

POST: postposition

PROG: progressive

PROS: prospective

PRTV: partitive

REL: relational postposition

RES: resultative

SG: singular

SOC: sociative

TERM: terminative

UNBN : unbounded

The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.