Features

19. Ergative/absolutive syncretism in the plural: ­-ak (v -ek)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(2) Neskak irabazi dute

Hualde, José Ignacio and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.). 2003. A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.

Generalized pattern. The ergative singular marker is -ak and the ergative plural marker is -ek (-ak + -k > -ek).

(1) Neskek irabazi dute
girls.ERG win.PTCP (3ABS).have.3PL.ERG
‘The girls won.’

Variational pattern. Western and Central varieties show -ak both in singular and plural and have usually been differentiated by means of stress.

(2) Neskak irabazi dute
girls.ERG win.PTCP (3ABS).have.3PL.ERG
‘The girls won.’

Chapter: Case and Agreement

Keywords: case, ergative

References:

de Rijk (2008: 198), Hualde and Ortiz de Urbina (2003: 180)

Hualde, José Ignacio and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.). 2003. A grammar of Basque. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.

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BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
Yes
Txipi Ormaetxea
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
Yes
Igor Estankona
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
Yes
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
Yes
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
Yes
Ane Odria
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
Yes
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Bilbao
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
Yes
Eñaut Agirre
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
Yes
Oihana Astobieta
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Orreaga Ibarra
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Burgete
N-urd
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñigo Urrestarazu
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde

ABL: ablative

ABS: absolutive

ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context

ALL: allative

ALLO: allocutive

APPL: applicative

BN: bounded

CAUS: causative

COMP: complementizer

DAT: dative

DD: dative displacement

DEST: destinative

ED: Ergative Displacement

ERG: ergative

FAM: familiar

F: feminine

GEN: genitive

IPFV: imperfective

INE: inessive

INS: instrumental

M: masculine

MOD: mood

NMLZ: nominalizer

NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)

NP: noun phrase

PTCP: participle

PST: past

PL: plural

POST: postposition

PROG: progressive

PROS: prospective

PRTV: partitive

REL: relational postposition

RES: resultative

SG: singular

SOC: sociative

TERM: terminative

UNBN : unbounded

The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.