Features

27. Indicative in imperative clauses: ez haizela joan (v ez hadi joan)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(2) Ez haizela joan

Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]

Generalized pattern. Imperative clauses consisting of analytical verbs involve the auxiliary verbs *ezan/*edin, both in affirmative and negative clauses.

(1) Ez hadi joan
no 2ABS.edin go
‘Don't go.’

Variational pattern. In some varieties the auxiliary izan ‘be’ is selected instead in negative imperative clauses.

(2) Ez haizela joan
no 2SG.be.COMP go
‘Don't go.’

Chapter: Auxiliary Alternation

Keywords: auxiliary alternation, imperative, mood, negation, subjunctive

References:

Euskaltzaindia (1987: 361)

Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]

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BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
N-ari
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Pello Salaburu
N-orb
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñaki Camino
L-zib
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Maitena Duhalde
A-ara
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
N-arb
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
B-art
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
G-bei
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
G-ber
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
G-elg
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
G-ert
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
B-ger
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
B-get
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
N-goi
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
G-her
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
G-its
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
B-lek
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
B-loi
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
N-mez
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
B-mun
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
NB-ora
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
B-otx
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Z-urd
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar

ABL: ablative

ABS: absolutive

ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context

ALL: allative

ALLO: allocutive

APPL: applicative

BN: bounded

CAUS: causative

COMP: complementizer

DAT: dative

DD: dative displacement

DEST: destinative

ED: Ergative Displacement

ERG: ergative

FAM: familiar

F: feminine

GEN: genitive

IPFV: imperfective

INE: inessive

INS: instrumental

M: masculine

MOD: mood

NMLZ: nominalizer

NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)

NP: noun phrase

PTCP: participle

PST: past

PL: plural

POST: postposition

PROG: progressive

PROS: prospective

PRTV: partitive

REL: relational postposition

RES: resultative

SG: singular

SOC: sociative

TERM: terminative

UNBN : unbounded

The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.