Features
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(3) egin doten
(4) eman zidazun
Barruetabeña, Alaine. 2016. «Ergatiboaren lekualdatzearen neutralizazioa Gernikan». handout, Euskal Dialektologia Mintegia, UPV/EHU.
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2000. «Bizkaiko kostaldeko hizkerak gaur eta bihar». In Koldo Zuazo (eds.), Dialektologia gaiak. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Arabako Foru Aldundia. 16-25.
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2002. «On the loss of Ergative Displacement in Basque and the role of analogy in the development of morphological paradigms». Lincom Europa 1, 219-230.
Laka, Itziar. 1988. «Configurational heads in Inflectional Morphology: The structure of the inflected forms in Basque». International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology (ASJU) XXII-2. Donostia: Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia. 343-366.
Laka, Itziar. 1993a. «The Structure of Inflection: a Case Study in X° Syntax». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 21-70.
Alternative name: Loss of ergative displacement
Generalized pattern. Ergative Displacement (ED) (Laka 1988, 1993a) is a property generalized across Basque dialects. In ED forms, 1st and 2nd ergative arguments are cross-referenced by absolutive clitics (agreement prefixes) in past verbal forms.
| (1a) | egin | dut |
| do.PTCP | (3ABS).have.1SG.ERG | |
| ‘I have done it.’ | ||
| (1b) | egin | nuen |
| do.PTCP | 1SG.ABSERG.have.PST | |
| ‘I did it.’ (ED) | ||
Variational pattern 1. Neutralization of ED (Hualde 2000, 2002). In non-ED varieties, ergative arguments are systematically asigned ergative clitics (agreement suffixes) in ED contexts. Neutralization of ED mainly happens with ditransitive verbs.
| (2) | emon | dostezun |
| give.PTCP | (3ABS).have.1SG.DAT.2ERG.PST | |
| ‘You gave it to me.’ (Neutralization of ED) | ||
(3) egin doten do.PTCP (3ABS).have.1SG.ERG.PST 'I did it.' (Neutralization of ED)
Variational pattern 2. Partial Neutralization of ED (Hualde 2000, 2002). In ED varieties, some ergative arguments are asigned ergative clitics (agreement suffixes) in ED contexts.
| (4) | eman | zidazun |
| give.PTCP | (3ABS).1SG.DAT.have.2ERG.PST | |
| ‘You gave it to me.’ (Partial neutralization of ED) | ||
Chapter: Case and Agreement
Keywords: agreement/clitics, case, ergative displacement, ergativity, loss of ergative displacement, neutralization of ergative displacement, partial neutralization of ergative displacement
Barruetabeña, Alaine. 2016. «Ergatiboaren lekualdatzearen neutralizazioa Gernikan». handout, Euskal Dialektologia Mintegia, UPV/EHU.
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2000. «Bizkaiko kostaldeko hizkerak gaur eta bihar». In Koldo Zuazo (eds.), Dialektologia gaiak. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Arabako Foru Aldundia. 16-25.
Hualde, José Ignacio. 2002. «On the loss of Ergative Displacement in Basque and the role of analogy in the development of morphological paradigms». Lincom Europa 1, 219-230.
Laka, Itziar. 1988. «Configurational heads in Inflectional Morphology: The structure of the inflected forms in Basque». International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology (ASJU) XXII-2. Donostia: Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia. 343-366.
Laka, Itziar. 1993a. «The Structure of Inflection: a Case Study in X° Syntax». In José Ignacio Hualde and Jon Ortiz de Urbina (eds.), Generative Studies in Basque Linguistics. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 21-70.
ABL: ablative
ABS: absolutive
ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context
ALL: allative
ALLO: allocutive
APPL: applicative
BN: bounded
CAUS: causative
COMP: complementizer
DAT: dative
DD: dative displacement
DEST: destinative
ED: Ergative Displacement
ERG: ergative
FAM: familiar
F: feminine
GEN: genitive
IPFV: imperfective
INE: inessive
INS: instrumental
M: masculine
MOD: mood
NMLZ: nominalizer
NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)
NP: noun phrase
PTCP: participle
PST: past
PL: plural
POST: postposition
PROG: progressive
PROS: prospective
PRTV: partitive
REL: relational postposition
RES: resultative
SG: singular
SOC: sociative
TERM: terminative
UNBN : unbounded