42. Participial relatives: etorritako, etorririko, etorririkako, etorriniko, etorriko (v etorri)
Yellow: variational pattern attested
Blue: variational pattern non-attested
(1) Goizean etorritako gizona ezagutzen dut
(2) Goizean etorririko gizona ezagutzen dut
(3) Goizean etorririkako gizona ezagutzen dut
(4) Goizean etorriniko gizona ezagutzen dut
(5) Goizean etorriko gizona ezagutzen dut
(6) Goizean etorri gizona ezagutzen dut
Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]
Gaminde, Iñaki. 1989. Foruko euskararen morfosintaxiaz. Forua: Foruko Udala.
de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.
Variational pattern 1. In some varieties, the participle takes the morpheme string -tako (-ta + -ko) to form participial relatives.
| (1) | Goizean | etorritako | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP.TA.KO | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Variational pattern 2. In some other varieties, the participle takes the complex morpheme -(r)iko, this is, resultative participial form -(r)ik and the relational suffix -ko.
| (2) | Goizean | etorririko | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP.(R)IK.KO | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Subvariational pattern 1
.In some varieties
, they use the complex morpheme
-rikako (formed by the resultative participial form ‑(
r)
ik, the morpheme -
ka and the suffix -
ko) instead.
| (3) | Goizean | etorririkako | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP.(R)IK.KA.KO | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Subvariational pattern2
. In some other varieties
, the participle takes the morpheme -
niko:
-n (probably, the old participial form spread by analogy) + the resultative participial form
‑(r)ik + suffix
ko.
| (4) | Goizean | etorriniko | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP.N(R)IK.KO | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Variational pattern 3. In some other varieties the participle just takes the relational suffix -ko instead.
| (5) | Goizean | etorriko | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP.KO | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Variational pattern 4. As to some other varieties, relative clauses are built just with the bare participle.
| (6) | Goizean | etorri | gizona | ezagutzen | dut. |
| | morning.INE | come.PTCP | man.ABS | know.IPFV | (3ABS).have.1ERG.SG |
| 'I know the man who came this morning.' |
Chapter: Postpositions
Keywords: aspect, participial structures, participle, partitive, postposition -KO, postpositions, relatives, relativizer, verb
References:
Euskaltzaindia. 1987. Euskal Gramatika: Lehen Urratsak II. Iruñea: Institución Príncipe de Viana eta Euskaltzaindia. [Reprinted in Euskaltzaindia. 1997]
Gaminde, Iñaki. 1989. Foruko euskararen morfosintaxiaz. Forua: Foruko Udala.
de Rijk, Rudolf P.G.. 2008. Standard Basque: A progressive grammar. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Aramaio
Western Basque
Yes
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Juanjo Olasagarre
Beizama
Central Basque
Yes
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
Yes
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
Yes
Ane Odria
Errenteria
Central Basque
Yes
Aritz Irurtzun
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
Yes
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
Yes
Urtzi Etxeberria
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Errenteria
Central Basque
Yes
Aritz Irurtzun
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Orreaga Ibarra
Otxandio
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Burgete
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñaki Camino
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Maitena Duhalde
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Gernika
Western Basque
Yes
Alaine Barruetabeña
Lekeitio
Western Basque
Yes
Arantzazu Elordieta
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
No
Pello Salaburu
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Aramaio
Western Basque
Yes
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Pello Salaburu
Artea
Western Basque
Yes
Igor Estankona
Getxo
Western Basque
Yes
Xabier Bilbao
Loiu
Western Basque
Yes
Oihana Astobieta
Mungia
Western Basque
Yes
Miren Ibarluzea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Itxaro Borda
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñaki Camino
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
No
Maider Bedaxagar
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
No
Maitena Duhalde
BiV code
Town
Dialect
Value
Contributor
Arizkun (Baztan)
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Pello Salaburu
Oragarre
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Itxaro Borda
Orbaizeta
Navarrese Basque
Yes
Iñaki Camino
Urdiñarbe
Zuberoan Basque
Yes
Maider Bedaxagar
Ziburu
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Yes
Maitena Duhalde
Aramaio
Western Basque
No
Txipi Ormaetxea
Arbizu
Navarrese Basque
No
Juanjo Olasagarre
Artea
Western Basque
No
Igor Estankona
Beizama
Central Basque
No
Lourdes Otaegi
Bergara
Western Basque
No
Alexander Artzelus
Elgoibar
Western Basque
No
Ane Odria
Errenteria
Central Basque
No
Aritz Irurtzun
Gernika
Western Basque
No
Alaine Barruetabeña
Getxo
Western Basque
No
Xabier Bilbao
Goizueta
Navarrese Basque
No
Juan Jose Zubiri
Hernani
Central Basque
No
Eñaut Agirre
Itsasondo
Central Basque
No
Urtzi Etxeberria
Lekeitio
Western Basque
No
Arantzazu Elordieta
Loiu
Western Basque
No
Oihana Astobieta
Mezkiritz (Erroibar)
Navarrese Basque
No
Orreaga Ibarra
Mungia
Western Basque
No
Miren Ibarluzea
Otxandio
Western Basque
No
Xabier Burgete
Urdiain
Navarrese Basque
No
Iñigo Urrestarazu
ABL: ablative
ABS: absolutive
ABSERG: absolutive in Ergative Displacement context
ALL: allative
ALLO: allocutive
APPL: applicative
BN: bounded
CAUS: causative
COMP: complementizer
DAT: dative
DD: dative displacement
DEST: destinative
ED: Ergative Displacement
ERG: ergative
FAM: familiar
F: feminine
GEN: genitive
IPFV: imperfective
INE: inessive
INS: instrumental
M: masculine
MOD: mood
NMLZ: nominalizer
NONFAM: non-familiar (2nd person)
NP: noun phrase
PTCP: participle
PST: past
PL: plural
POST: postposition
PROG: progressive
PROS: prospective
PRTV: partitive
REL: relational postposition
RES: resultative
SG: singular
SOC: sociative
TERM: terminative
UNBN : unbounded
The abbreviations in this database follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.
